fix(model): Fix postgresql search.

.htaccess

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
     RewriteEngine On
 
+    # Bloquear acceso a las carpetas vendor/ y src/
+    RewriteRule ^(vendor|src)/.*$ - [F,L]
+
     # Handle Front Controller...
     RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
     RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

config.php

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 <?php
 
-// Configuración de la base de datos
+// Database configuration
 define('DB_TYPE', 'mysql');
 define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
 define('DB_NAME', '');
 define('DB_USER', '');
 define('DB_PASS', '');
 
-// Configuración del sitio
+// Site configuration
 define('SITE_URL', '');
 
-// Configuración avanzada
+// Advanced configuration
 define('ROOT_DIR', __DIR__);
 define('ROOT_CORE', ROOT_DIR . '/src');

index.php

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
+use Libs\Loader;
+use Libs\Router;
+
 require_once('config.php');
 
-// Incluir clases
+// Class autoloader
 spl_autoload_register(function ($className) {
     $fp = str_replace('\\', '/', $className);
     $name = basename($fp);
@@ -13,11 +16,11 @@ spl_autoload_register(function ($className) {
     }
 });
 
-// Incluir routers
+// Router autoloader
-$routers = glob(ROOT_CORE . '/Routers/*.php');
+Loader::load(ROOT_CORE . '/Routers/');
 
-foreach ($routers as $file) {
+// Other autoloaders
-    require_once($file);
+Loader::load(ROOT_CORE . '/Autoload/');
-}
 
-\Libs\Router::apply();
+// Run the routers
+Router::apply();

readme.org

@@ -28,79 +28,91 @@ En la siguiente tabla se encuentra la lista de estados de los gestores de bases
 + *En blanco* como que no ha sido probado aún.
 + *error* como que fue probado, no funciona y no ha sido aún arreglado.
 + *not supported* como no soportado por el gestor de bases de datos.
-+ *fixed* para aquello que no existe en el gestor de DB, pero la librería lo traduce a un equivalente.
++ *fixed* para aquello que no existe en el gestor de BD, pero la librería lo traduce a un equivalente.
 
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| method           | MySQL/MariaDB | sqlite3       | postgreSQL |
+| method           | MySQL/MariaDB | sqlite3 | postgreSQL |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| db               | ok            | ok            |            |
+| db               | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| query            | ok            | ok            |            |
+| query            | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| resetQuery       | ok            | ok            |            |
+| resetQuery       | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| buildQuery       | ok            | ok            |            |
+| buildQuery       | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| getInstance      | ok            | ok            |            |
+| getInstance      | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| getVars          | ok            | ok            |            |
+| getVars          | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| className        | ok            | ok            |            |
+| className        | ok            | ok      | pk         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| table            | ok            | ok            |            |
+| table            | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| update           | ok            | ok            |            |
+| update           | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| beginTransaction | ok            | ok            |            |
+| beginTransaction | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| rollBack         | ok            | ok            |            |
+| rollBack         | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| commit           | ok            | ok            |            |
+| commit           | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| add              | ok            | ok            |            |
+| add              | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| save             | ok            | ok            |            |
+| save             | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| delete           | ok            | ok            |            |
+| delete           | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| select           | ok            | ok            |            |
+| select           | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| from             | ok            | ok            |            |
+| from             | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| where            | ok            | ok            |            |
+| where            | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| where_in         | ok            | ok            |            |
+| whereIn          | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| leftJoin         | ok            | ok            |            |
+| whereNotIn       | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| rightJoin        | ok            | not supported |            |
+| whereNull        | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| innerJoin        | ok            | ok            |            |
+| whereNotNull     | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| and              | ok            | ok            |            |
+| whereExists      | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| or               | ok            | ok            |            |
+| whereNotExists   | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| groupBy          | ok            | ok            |            |
+| leftJoin         | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| limit            | ok            | ok            |            |
+| rightJoin        | ok            | fixed   | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| orderBy          | ok            | ok            |            |
+| innerJoin        | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| count            | ok            | ok            |            |
+| crossJoin        | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| getById          | ok            | ok            |            |
+| and              | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| search           | ok            | ok            |            |
+| or               | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| get              | ok            | ok            |            |
+| groupBy          | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| getFirst         | ok            | ok            |            |
+| limit            | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| all              | ok            | ok            |            |
+| orderBy          | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
-| setNull          | ok            | ok            |            |
+| count            | ok            | ok      | ok         |
-|------------------+---------------+---------------+------------|
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
+| getById          | ok            | ok      | ok         |
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
+| search           | ok            | ok      | ok         |
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
+| get              | ok            | ok      | ok         |
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
+| getFirst         | ok            | ok      | ok         |
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
+| all              | ok            | ok      | ok         |
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
+| setNull          | ok            | ok      | ok         |
+|------------------+---------------+---------+------------|
 
 * Contacto
 

src/Libs/Database.php

@@ -9,24 +9,28 @@ use PDOException;
 /**
  * Database - DuckBrain
  *
- * Clase diseñada para crear y devolver una única instancia PDO (database).
+ * Class designed to create and return a single PDO instance (database).
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 class Database extends PDO
 {
     private static array $databases = [];
 
+    /**
+     * Private constructor to prevent direct instantiation.
+     */
     private function __construct()
     {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Devuelve una instancia homogénea (singlenton) de la base de datos (PDO).
+     * Returns a homogeneous (singleton) instance of the database (PDO).
      *
      * @return PDO
+     * @throws Exception If there is an error connecting to the database.
      */
     public static function getInstance(
         string $type = 'mysql',

src/Libs/Loader.php

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Libs;
+
+/**
+ * Loader - DuckBrain
+ *
+ * Simple library to bulk load multiple php files inside a folder.
+ *
+ * @author KJ
+ * @website https://kj2.me
+ * @license MIT
+ */
+class Loader
+{
+    /**
+     * Loads all PHP files from a specified directory.
+     * If the directory does not exist or is not a directory, no files will be loaded.
+     *
+     * @param  string $directoryPath The path to the directory containing the PHP files to load.
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function load(string $directoryPath): void
+    {
+        if (is_dir($directoryPath)) {
+            foreach (glob(rtrim($directoryPath, '/') . '/*.php') as $file) {
+                require_once($file);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Libs/Model.php

@@ -12,23 +12,50 @@ use ReflectionProperty;
 /**
  * Model - DuckBrain
  *
- * Modelo ORM para objetos que hagan uso de una base de datos.
+ * ORM Model for database-backed objects.
- * Depende de Libs\Database y hace uso de las constantes
+ * Depends on Libs\Database and uses constants
- * DB_TYPE, DB_HOST, DB_NAME, DB_USER y DB_PASS.
+ * DB_TYPE, DB_HOST, DB_NAME, DB_USER, and DB_PASS.
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 #[AllowDynamicProperties]
 class Model
 {
+    /**
+     * @var array Attributes that should be set to NULL on update.
+     */
     protected array $toNull = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @var string The name of the primary key column.
+     */
     protected static string $primaryKey = 'id';
+
+    /**
+     * @var array Attributes to ignore when saving to the database.
+     */
     protected static array $ignoreSave = ['id'];
+
+    /**
+     * @var array Attributes that should be explicitly saved, even if private/protected.
+     */
     protected static array $forceSave = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @var string The database table name.
+     */
     protected static string $table;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array Variables for PDO prepared statements.
+     */
     protected static array $queryVars = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @var array Current SELECT query components.
+     */
     protected static array $querySelect = [
         'select'              => ['*'],
         'where'               => '',
@@ -36,13 +63,14 @@ class Model
         'leftJoin'            => '',
         'rightJoin'           => '',
         'innerJoin'           => '',
+        'crossJoin'           => '',
         'orderBy'             => '',
         'groupBy'             => '',
         'limit'               => '',
     ];
 
     /**
-     * Sirve para obtener la instancia de la base de datos.
+     * Retrieves the database instance.
      *
      * @return PDO
      */
@@ -65,8 +93,8 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Ejecuta PDO::beginTransaction para iniciar una transacción.
+     * Executes PDO::beginTransaction to start a transaction.
-     * Más info: https://www.php.net/manual/es/pdo.begintransaction.php
+     * More info: https://www.php.net/manual/es/pdo.begintransaction.php (Spanish, will keep for context)
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -76,8 +104,8 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Ejecuta PDO::rollBack para deshacher los cambios de una transacción.
+     * Executes PDO::rollBack to undo changes in a transaction.
-     * Más info: https://www.php.net/manual/es/pdo.rollback.php
+     * More info: https://www.php.net/manual/es/pdo.rollback.php (Spanish, will keep for context)
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -91,8 +119,8 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Ejecuta PDO::commit para consignar una transacción.
+     * Executes PDO::commit to commit a transaction.
-     * Más info: https://www.php.net/manual/es/pdo.commit.php
+     * More info: https://www.php.net/manual/es/pdo.commit.php (Spanish, will keep for context)
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -106,21 +134,21 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Ejecuta una sentencia SQL en la base de datos.
+     * Executes an SQL statement in the database.
      *
      * @param string $query
-     *                      Contiene la sentencia SQL que se desea ejecutar.
+     *                      Contains the SQL statement to be executed.
      *
      * @throws Exception
-     *                   En caso de que la sentencia SQL falle, devolverá un error en
+     *                   If the SQL statement fails, it will throw an error
-     *                   pantalla y hará rolllback en caso de estar dentro de una
+     *                   and perform a rollback if currently within a transaction
-     *                   transacción (ver método beginTransacction).
+     *                   (see beginTransaction method).
      *
      * @param bool $resetQuery
-     *                         Indica si el query debe reiniciarse o no (por defecto es true).
+     *                         Indicates whether the query should be reset (defaults to true).
      *
      * @return array
-     *               Contiene el resultado de la llamada SQL .
+     *               Contains the result of the SQL call.
      */
     protected static function query(string $query, bool $resetQuery = true): array
     {
@@ -138,9 +166,9 @@ class Model
 
             throw new Exception(
                 "\nError at query to database.\n" .
-                    "Query: $query\n" .
+                "Query: $query\n" .
-                    "Vars: $vars\n" .
+                "Vars: $vars\n" .
-                    "Error:\n" . $e->getMessage()
+                "Error:\n" . $e->getMessage()
             );
         }
 
@@ -154,7 +182,7 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Reinicia la configuración de la sentencia SQL.
+     * Resets the SQL query configuration.
      * @return void
      */
     protected static function resetQuery(): void
@@ -166,6 +194,7 @@ class Model
             'leftJoin'            => '',
             'rightJoin'           => '',
             'innerJoin'           => '',
+            'crossJoin'           => '',
             'orderBy'             => '',
             'groupBy'             => '',
             'limit'               => '',
@@ -174,11 +203,11 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Construye la sentencia SQL a partir static::$querySelect y una vez
+     * Builds the SQL statement from static::$querySelect and, once
-     * construída, llama a resetQuery.
+     * built, calls resetQuery.
      *
      * @return string
-     *                Contiene la sentencia SQL.
+     *                Contains the SQL statement.
      */
     protected static function buildQuery(): string
     {
@@ -190,6 +219,10 @@ class Model
             $sql .= ' FROM ' . static::table();
         }
 
+        if (static::$querySelect['crossJoin'] != '') {
+            $sql .= static::$querySelect['crossJoin'];
+        }
+
         if (static::$querySelect['innerJoin'] != '') {
             $sql .= static::$querySelect['innerJoin'];
         }
@@ -223,16 +256,16 @@ class Model
 
 
     /**
-     * Configura $queryVars para vincular un valor a un
+     * Configures $queryVars to bind a value to a
-     * parámetro de sustitución y devuelve este último.
+     * substitution parameter and returns the latter.
      *
      * @param string $value
-     *                      Valor a vincular.
+     *                      Value to bind.
      *
      * @return string
-     *                Parámetro de sustitución.
+     *                Substitution parameter.
      */
-    private static function bindValue(string $value): string
+    public static function bind(string $value): string
     {
         $index = ':v_' . count(static::$queryVars);
         static::$queryVars[$index] = $value;
@@ -240,14 +273,14 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Crea una instancia del objeto actual a partir de un arreglo.
+     * Creates an instance of the current object from an array.
      *
      * @param mixed $elem
-     *                    Puede recibir un arreglo o un objeto que contiene los valores
+     *                    Can receive an array or an object containing the values
-     *                    que tendrán sus atributos.
+     *                    that its attributes will have.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Retorna un objeto de la clase actual.
+     *                Returns an object of the current class.
      */
     protected static function getInstance(array $elem = []): static
     {
@@ -276,13 +309,12 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Devuelve los atributos a guardar de la case actual.
+     * Returns the attributes to be saved for the current class.
-     * Los atributos serán aquellos que seran public y
+     * Attributes will be those that are public and not excluded in static::$ignoreSave,
-     * no esten excluidos en static::$ignoresave y aquellos
+     * and those that are private or protected but are in static::$forceSave.
-     * que sean private o protected pero estén en static::$forceSave.
      *
      * @return array
-     *               Contiene los atributos indexados del objeto actual.
+     *               Contains the indexed attributes of the current object.
      */
     protected function getVars(): array
     {
@@ -316,7 +348,7 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Devuelve el nombre de la clase actual aunque sea una clase extendida.
+     * Returns the name of the current class, even if it's an extended class.
      *
      * @return string
      *
@@ -330,9 +362,9 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Construye (a partir del nombre de la clase y el sufijo en static::$tableSufix)
+     * Constructs (from the class name and the suffix in static::$tableSufix)
-     * y/o develve el nombre de la tabla de la BD en la que se alojará o
+     * and/or returns the name of the DB table where the current object will be
-     * se aloja el objeto actual.
+     * or is stored.
      *
      * @return string
      */
@@ -346,7 +378,7 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Convierte de lowerCamelCase a snake_case
+     * Converts from lowerCamelCase to snake_case.
      *
      * @param string $string
      *
@@ -364,7 +396,7 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Convierte de snake_case a lowerCamelCase
+     * Converts from snake_case to lowerCamelCase.
      *
      * @param string $string
      *
@@ -378,7 +410,7 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Actualiza los valores en la BD con los valores del objeto actual.
+     * Updates the values in the database with the current object's values.
      * @return void
      */
     protected function update(): void
@@ -408,18 +440,20 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Inserta una nueva fila en la base de datos a partir del
+     * Inserts a new row into the database from the
-     * objeto actual.
+     * current object.
      * @return void
      */
     protected function add(): void
     {
         $db = static::db();
         $atts = $this->getVars();
+        $into = [];
+        $values = [];
 
         foreach ($atts as $key => $value) {
             if (isset($value)) {
-                $into[] = "`$key`";
+                $into[] = "$key";
                 $values[] = ":$key";
                 static::$queryVars[":$key"] = $value;
             }
@@ -434,8 +468,8 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Revisa si el objeto a guardar es nuevo o no y según el resultado
+     * Checks if the object to be saved is new or not, and based on the result,
-     * llama a update para actualizar o add para insertar una nueva fila.
+     * calls `update` to update an existing row or `add` to insert a new row.
      * @return void
      */
     public function save(): void
@@ -449,7 +483,7 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Elimina el objeto actual de la base de datos.
+     * Deletes the current object from the database.
      * @return void
      */
     public function delete(): void
@@ -463,14 +497,14 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define SELECT en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines SELECT in the SQL statement.
      *
-     * @param array $columns
+     * @param array<string> $columns
-     *                       Columnas que se selecionarán en la consulta SQL.
+     *                               Columns to be selected in the SQL query.
      *
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function select(...$columns): static
+    public static function select(string ...$columns): static
     {
         static::$querySelect['select'] = $columns;
 
@@ -478,10 +512,10 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define FROM en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines FROM in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param array $tables
-     *                      Tablas que se selecionarán en la consulta SQL.
+     *                      Tables to be selected in the SQL query.
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -493,20 +527,20 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define el WHERE en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines the WHERE clause in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param string $column
-     *                       La columna a comparar.
+     *                       The column to compare.
      *
      * @param string $operatorOrValue
-     *                                El operador o el valor a comparar como igual en caso de que $value no se defina.
+     *                                The operator or the value to compare as equal if $value is not defined.
      *
      * @param string|null $value
-     *                           (opcional) El valor a comparar en la columna.
+     *                           (Optional) The value to compare against the column.
      *
      * @param bool $no_filter
-     *                        (opcional) Se usa cuando $value es una columna o un valor que no requiere filtros
+     *                        (Optional) Used when $value is a column or a value that does not require
-     *                        contra ataques SQLI (por defeco es false).
+     *                        filtering against SQL injection attacks (defaults to false).
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -525,20 +559,20 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define AND en la sentencia SQL (se puede anidar).
+     * Defines AND in the SQL statement (can be nested).
      *
      * @param string $column
-     *                       La columna a comparar.
+     *                       The column to compare.
      *
      * @param string $operatorOrValue
-     *                                El operador o el valor a comparar como igual en caso de que $value no se defina.
+     *                                The operator or the value to compare as equal if $value is not defined.
      *
      * @param string|null $value
-     *                           (opcional) El valor el valor a comparar en la columna.
+     *                           (Optional) The value to compare against the column.
      *
      * @param bool $no_filter
-     *                        (opcional) Se usa cuando $value es una columna o un valor que no requiere filtros
+     *                        (Optional) Used when $value is a column or a value that does not require
-     *                        contra ataques SQLI (por defecto es false).
+     *                        filtering against SQL injection attacks (defaults to false).
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -554,7 +588,7 @@ class Model
         }
 
         if (!$no_filter) {
-            $value = static::bindValue($value);
+            $value = static::bind($value);
         }
 
         if (static::$querySelect['where'] == '') {
@@ -567,20 +601,20 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define OR en la sentencia SQL (se puede anidar).
+     * Defines OR in the SQL statement (can be nested).
      *
      * @param string $column
-     *                       La columna a comparar.
+     *                       The column to compare.
      *
      * @param string $operatorOrValue
-     *                                El operador o el valor a comparar como igual en caso de que $value no se defina.
+     *                                The operator or the value to compare as equal if $value is not defined.
      *
      * @param string|null $value
-     *                           (opcional) El valor el valor a comparar en la columna.
+     *                           (Optional) The value to compare against the column.
      *
      * @param bool $no_filter
-     *                        (opcional) Se usa cuando $value es una columna o un valor que no requiere filtros
+     *                        (Optional) Used when $value is a column or a value that does not require
-     *                        contra ataques SQLI (por defecto es false).
+     *                        filtering against SQL injection attacks (defaults to false).
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -596,7 +630,7 @@ class Model
         }
 
         if (!$no_filter) {
-            $value = static::bindValue($value);
+            $value = static::bind($value);
         }
 
         if (static::$querySelect['where'] == '') {
@@ -609,59 +643,136 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define WHERE usando IN en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines WHERE using IN in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param string $column
-     *                       La columna a comparar.
+     *                       The column to compare.
      *
      * @param array $arr
-     *                   Arreglo con todos los valores a comparar con la columna.
+     *                   Array with all values to compare against the column.
-     *
-     * @param bool $in
-     *                 Define si se tienen que comprobar negativa o positivamente.
      *
      * @return static
      */
     public static function whereIn(
         string $column,
         array $arr,
-        bool $in = true
     ): static {
         $arrIn = [];
         foreach ($arr as $value) {
-            $arrIn[] = static::bindValue($value);
+            $arrIn[] = static::bind($value);
-        }
-
-        if ($in) {
-            $where_in = "$column IN (" . join(', ', $arrIn) . ")";
-        } else {
-            $where_in = "$column NOT IN (" . join(', ', $arrIn) . ")";
         }
 
+        $where = "$column IN (" . join(', ', $arrIn) . ")";
         if (static::$querySelect['where'] == '') {
-            static::$querySelect['where'] = $where_in;
+            static::$querySelect['where'] = $where;
         } else {
-            static::$querySelect['where'] .= " AND $where_in";
+            static::$querySelect['where'] .= " AND $where";
         }
 
         return new static();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define LEFT JOIN en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines WHERE using NOT IN in the SQL statement.
+     *
+     * @param string $column
+     *                       The column to compare.
+     *
+     * @param array $arr
+     *                   Array with all values to compare against the column.
+     *
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public static function whereNotIn(
+        string $column,
+        array $arr,
+    ): static {
+        $arrIn = [];
+        foreach ($arr as $value) {
+            $arrIn[] = static::bind($value);
+        }
+
+        $where = "$column NOT IN (" . join(', ', $arrIn) . ")";
+        if (static::$querySelect['where'] == '') {
+            static::$querySelect['where'] = $where;
+        } else {
+            static::$querySelect['where'] .= " AND $where";
+        }
+
+        return new static();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines WHERE using IS NULL in the SQL statement.
+     *
+     * @param string $column
+     *                       The column to compare.
+     *
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public static function whereNull(string $column): static
+    {
+        static::where($column, 'IS', 'NULL', true);
+        return new static();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines WHERE using IS NOT NULL in the SQL statement.
+     *
+     * @param string $column
+     *                       The column to compare.
+     *
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public static function whereNotNull(string $column): static
+    {
+        static::where($column, 'IS NOT', 'NULL', true);
+        return new static();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines WHERE using EXISTS in the SQL statement.
+     *
+     * @param string $query
+     *                      SQL query.
+     *
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public static function whereExists(string $query): static
+    {
+        static::where('', 'EXISTS', "($query)", true);
+        return new static();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines WHERE using NOT EXISTS in the SQL statement.
+     *
+     * @param string $query
+     *                      SQL query.
+     *
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public static function whereNotExists(string $query): static
+    {
+        static::where('', 'NOT EXISTS', "($query)", true);
+        return new static();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines LEFT JOIN in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param string $table
-     *                      Tabla que se va a juntar a la del objeto actual.
+     *                      Table to join with the current object's table.
      *
      * @param string $columnA
-     *                        Columna a comparar para hacer el join.
+     *                        Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @param string $operatorOrColumnB
-     *                                  Operador o columna a comparar como igual para hacer
+     *                                  Operator or column to compare as equal for the join
-     *                                  el join en caso de que $columnB no se defina.
+     *                                  if $columnB is not defined.
      *
      * @param string|null $columnB
-     *                             (opcional) Columna a comparar para hacer el join.
+     *                             (Optional) Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -682,20 +793,20 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define RIGHT JOIN en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines RIGHT JOIN in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param string $table
-     *                      Tabla que se va a juntar a la del objeto actual.
+     *                      Table to join with the current object's table.
      *
      * @param string $columnA
-     *                        Columna a comparar para hacer el join.
+     *                        Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @param string $operatorOrColumnB
-     *                                  Operador o columna a comparar como igual para hacer
+     *                                  Operator or column to compare as equal for the join
-     *                                  el join en caso de que $columnB no se defina.
+     *                                  if $columnB is not defined.
      *
      * @param string|null $columnB
-     *                             (opcional) Columna a comparar para hacer el join.
+     *                             (Optional) Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -710,26 +821,33 @@ class Model
             $operatorOrColumnB = '=';
         }
 
+        if (static::db()->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME) == 'sqlite') {
+            $currentTable = empty(static::$querySelect['from']) ?
+                static::table() : static::$querySelect['from'];
+            static::$querySelect['from'] = $table;
+            return static::leftJoin($currentTable, $columnB, $operatorOrColumnB, $columnA);
+        }
+
         static::$querySelect['rightJoin'] .= ' RIGHT JOIN ' . $table . ' ON ' . "$columnA$operatorOrColumnB$columnB";
 
         return new static();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define INNER JOIN en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines INNER JOIN in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param string $table
-     *                      Tabla que se va a juntar a la del objeto actual.
+     *                      Table to join with the current object's table.
      *
      * @param string $columnA
-     *                        Columna a comparar para hacer el join.
+     *                        Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @param string $operatorOrColumnB
-     *                                  Operador o columna a comparar como igual para hacer
+     *                                  Operator or column to compare as equal for the join
-     *                                  el join en caso de que $columnB no se defina.
+     *                                  if $columnB is not defined.
      *
      * @param string|null $columnB
-     *                             (opcional) Columna a comparar para hacer el join.
+     *                             (Optional) Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -750,27 +868,52 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define GROUP BY en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines CROSS JOIN in the SQL statement.
      *
-     * @param array $arr
+     * @param string $table
-     *                   Columnas por las que se agrupará.
+     *                      Table to join with the current object's table.
+     *
+     * @param string $columnA
+     *                        Column to compare for the join.
+     *
+     * @param string $operatorOrColumnB
+     *                                  Operator or column to compare as equal for the join
+     *                                  if $columnB is not defined.
+     *
+     * @param string|null $columnB
+     *                             (Optional) Column to compare for the join.
      *
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function groupBy(array $arr): static
+    public static function crossJoin(
-    {
+        string $table,
-        static::$querySelect['groupBy'] = join(', ', $arr);
+    ): static {
+        static::$querySelect['crossJoin'] .= ' CROSS JOIN ' . $table;
         return new static();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define LIMIT en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines GROUP BY in the SQL statement.
      *
-     * @param int $offsetOrQuantity
+     * @param array $columns
-     *                              Define el las filas a ignorar o la cantidad a tomar en
+     *                   Columns to group by.
-     *                              caso de que $quantity no esté definido.
+     *
-     * @param int $quantity
+     * @return static
-     *                              Define la cantidad máxima de filas a tomar.
+     */
+    public static function groupBy(string ...$columns): static
+    {
+        static::$querySelect['groupBy'] = join(', ', $columns);
+        return new static();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines LIMIT in the SQL statement.
+     *
+     * @param int      $offsetOrQuantity
+     *                                   Defines the rows to skip or the quantity to take
+     *                                   if $quantity is not defined.
+     * @param int|null $quantity
+     *                                   (Optional) Defines the maximum number of rows to take.
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -779,21 +922,21 @@ class Model
         if (is_null($quantity)) {
             static::$querySelect['limit'] = $offsetOrQuantity;
         } else {
-            static::$querySelect['limit'] = $offsetOrQuantity . ', ' . $quantity;
+            static::$querySelect['limit'] = $quantity . ' OFFSET ' . $offsetOrQuantity;
         }
 
         return new static();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define ORDER BY en la sentencia SQL.
+     * Defines ORDER BY in the SQL statement.
      *
      * @param string $value
-     *                      Columna por la que se ordenará.
+     *                      Column to order by.
      *
      * @param string $order
-     *                      (opcional) Define si el orden será de manera ascendente (ASC),
+     *                      (Optional) Defines whether the order will be ascending (ASC),
-     *                      descendente (DESC) o aleatorio (RAND).
+     *                      descending (DESC), or random (RAND).
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -814,14 +957,14 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Retorna la cantidad de filas que hay en un query.
+     * Returns the number of rows in a query.
      *
      * @param bool $resetQuery
-     *                         (opcional) Indica si el query debe reiniciarse o no (por defecto es true).
+     *                         (Optional) Indicates whether the query should be reset (defaults to true).
      *
      * @param bool $useLimit
-     *                       (opcional) Permite usar limit para estabecer un máximo inical y final para contar.
+     *                       (Optional) Allows using limit to establish an initial and final maximum for counting.
-     *                       Requiere que se haya definido antes el límite (por defecto en false).
+     *                       Requires the limit to have been defined beforehand (defaults to false).
      *
      * @return int
      */
@@ -860,12 +1003,12 @@ class Model
             static::$querySelect['orderBy'] = $backup['orderBy'];
         }
 
-        return $result;
+        return (int)$result;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Obtiene una instancia según su primary key (generalmente id).
+     * Retrieves an instance by its primary key (usually 'id').
-     * Si no encuentra una instancia, devuelve nulo.
+     * If no instance is found, returns null.
      *
      * @param mixed $id
      *
@@ -877,13 +1020,13 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Realiza una búsqueda en la tabla de la instancia actual.
+     * Performs a search in the current instance's table.
      *
      * @param string $search
-     *                       Contenido a buscar.
+     *                       Content to search for.
      *
      * @param array|null $in
-     *                       (opcional) Columnas en las que se va a buscar (null para buscar en todas).
+     *                       (Optional) Columns to search within (null to search all).
      *
      * @return static
      */
@@ -894,20 +1037,19 @@ class Model
             $in = array_keys((new $className())->getVars());
         }
 
-        $search = static::bindValue($search);
+        $search = static::bind($search);
         $where  = [];
 
-        if (DB_TYPE == 'sqlite') {
+        if (static::db()->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME) == 'mysql') {
-            foreach ($in as $row) {
-                $where[] = "$row LIKE '%' || $search || '%'";
-            }
-        } else {
             foreach ($in as $row) {
                 $where[] = "$row LIKE CONCAT('%', $search, '%')";
             }
+        } else {
+            foreach ($in as $row) {
+                $where[] = "CAST($row AS TEXT) LIKE '%' || $search || '%'";
+            }
         }
 
-
         if (static::$querySelect['where'] == '') {
             static::$querySelect['where'] = join(' OR ', $where);
         } else {
@@ -918,13 +1060,13 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Obtener los resultados de la consulta SQL.
+     * Retrieves the results of the SQL query.
      *
      * @param bool $resetQuery
-     *                         (opcional) Indica si el query debe reiniciarse o no (por defecto es true).
+     *                         (Optional) Indicates whether the query should be reset (defaults to true).
      *
      * @return array<static>
-     *                       Arreglo con instancias del la clase actual resultantes del query.
+     *                       Array with instances of the current class resulting from the query.
      */
     public static function get(bool $resetQuery = true): array
     {
@@ -941,13 +1083,13 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * El primer elemento de la consulta SQL.
+     * Retrieves the first element from the SQL query result.
      *
      * @param bool $resetQuery
-     *                         (opcional) Indica si el query debe reiniciarse o no (por defecto es true).
+     *                         (Optional) Indicates whether the query should be reset (defaults to true).
      *
      * @return static|null
-     *                     Puede retornar una instancia de la clase actual o null.
+     *                     Can return an instance of the current class or null.
      */
     public static function getFirst(bool $resetQuery = true): ?static
     {
@@ -957,10 +1099,10 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Obtener todos los elementos del la tabla de la instancia actual.
+     * Retrieves all elements from the current instance's table.
      *
      * @return array<static>
-     *                       Contiene un arreglo de instancias de la clase actual.
+     *                       Contains an array of instances of the current class.
      */
     public static function all(): array
     {
@@ -977,27 +1119,20 @@ class Model
     }
 
     /**
-     * Permite definir como nulo el valor de un atributo.
+     * Allows defining an attribute's value as null.
-     * Sólo funciona para actualizar un elemento de la BD, no para insertar.
+     * Only works for updating an element in the DB, not for inserting.
      *
      * @param array $attributes
-     *                          Atributo o arreglo de atributos que se definirán como nulos.
+     *                          Attribute or array of attributes that will be set to null.
      *
      * @return void
      */
-    public function setNull(...$attributes): void
+    public function setNull(string ...$attributes): void
     {
-        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+        foreach ($attributes as $att) {
-            foreach ($attributes as $att) {
+            if (!in_array($att, $this->toNull)) {
-                if (!in_array($att, $this->toNull)) {
+                $this->toNull[] = $att;
-                    $this->toNull[] = $att;
-                }
             }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (!in_array($attributes, $this->toNull)) {
-            $this->toNull[] = $attributes;
         }
     }
 }

src/Libs/Neuron.php

@@ -7,25 +7,25 @@ use AllowDynamicProperties;
 /**
  * Neuron - DuckBrain
  *
- * Neuron, sirve para crear un objeto que alojará valores.
+ * Neuron, serves to create an object that will hold values.
- * Además, tiene la característica especial de que al intentar
+ * In addition, it has the special characteristic that when trying
- * acceder a una propiedad no definida, devolverá null en
+ * to access an undefined property, it will return null instead
- * lugar de generar un aviso (PHP notice) por variable o propiedad no definida.
+ * of generating a notice (PHP notice) for an undefined variable or property.
  *
- * El constructor acepta un objeto o un arreglo que contiene los
+ * The constructor accepts an object or an array containing the
- * valores que estarán definidos.
+ * values that will be defined.
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 #[AllowDynamicProperties]
 class Neuron
 {
     /**
-     * __construct
+     * Constructor
      *
-     * @param array $data
+     * @param array $data Data to initialize the Neuron with. Can be an array or an object.
      */
     public function __construct(...$data)
     {
@@ -44,10 +44,13 @@ class Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * __get
+     * Magic method __get
      *
-     * @param  string $index
+     * This method is called when an undefined property is accessed.
-     * @return null
+     * It returns null instead of triggering an E_NOTICE.
+     *
+     * @param  string $index The name of the property being accessed.
+     * @return null Always returns null for undefined properties.
      */
     public function __get(string $index): null
     {

src/Libs/Request.php

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ namespace Libs;
 /**
  * Request - DuckBrain
  *
- * Libería complementaria de la libería Router.
+ * Complementary library to the Router library.
- * Contiene el cuerpo básico de la petición http (POST, GET, JSON, etc).
+ * Contains the basic body of the http request (POST, GET, JSON, etc).
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 class Request extends Neuron
 {
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ class Request extends Neuron
 
     /**
      * __construct
-     *
-     * @param string $path Ruta actual tomando como raíz la instalación de DuckBrain.
      */
     public function __construct()
     {
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ class Request extends Neuron
         $this->put    = new Neuron();
         $this->patch  = new Neuron();
         $this->delete = new Neuron();
-        $this->params = new Neuron(Router::$currentParams);
+        $this->params = Router::$params ?? new Neuron();
         $this->body   = file_get_contents("php://input");
 
         $contentType = isset($_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"]) ? trim($_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"]) : '';
@@ -52,22 +50,22 @@ class Request extends Neuron
                 in_array($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'], ['PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE']) &&
                 preg_match('/^[^;?\/:@&=+$,]{1,255}[=]/', $this->body, $matches)
             ) {
-                // Con la expresión regular verificamos que sea un http
+                // With the regular expression, we verify that it is a valid
-                // query string válido y evitamos errores de memoria en caso
+                // http query string and avoid memory errors in case
-                // de que el body tenga algo más grande que eso.
+                // the body contains something larger than that.
                 parse_str($this->body, $input_vars);
                 $this->{strtolower($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'])} = new Neuron($input_vars);
             }
         }
 
-        // Corremos las validaciones configuradas
+        // Run configured validations
         if (!$this->validate()) {
             exit();
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Inicia la validación que se haya configurado.
+     * Starts the configured validation.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ class Request extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Reglas para el método actual.
+     * Rules for the current method.
      *
      * @return array
      */
@@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ class Request extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Reglas para los parámetros por URL.
+     * Rules for URL parameters.
      *
      * @return array
      */
@@ -117,7 +115,7 @@ class Request extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Reglas para los parámetros GET.
+     * Rules for GET parameters.
      *
      * @return array
      */
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ class Request extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Mensajes de error en caso de fallar una validación.
+     * Error messages in case a validation fails.
      *
      * @return array
      */
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@ class Request extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Función a ejecutar cuando se ha detectado un valor no válido.
+     * Function to execute when an invalid value has been detected.
      *
      * @param string $error
      *

src/Libs/Router.php

@@ -5,35 +5,51 @@ namespace Libs;
 /**
  * Router - DuckBrain
  *
- * Librería de Enrrutador.
+ * Router library.
- * Depende de manera forzada de que la constante ROOT_DIR esté definida
+ * It strictly depends on the ROOT_DIR constant being defined
- * y de manera optativa de que la constante SITE_URL lo esté también.
+ * and optionally on the SITE_URL constant being defined.
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 class Router
 {
-    private static $get    = [];
+    private static array $get    = [];
-    private static $post   = [];
+    private static array $post   = [];
-    private static $put    = [];
+    private static array $put    = [];
-    private static $patch  = [];
+    private static array $patch  = [];
-    private static $delete = [];
+    private static array $delete = [];
-    private static $last;
+    /**
-    public static $currentParams = [];
+     * Stores the method and index of the last configured route, e.g., ['get', 0].
+     * Used for chaining methods like middleware() or reconfigure().
+     *
+     * @var array $last
+     */
+    private static array $last;
+    /**
+     * Stores the parameters extracted from the current matching route.
+     *
+     * @var Neuron $params
+     */
+    public static Neuron $params;
+    /**
+     * The callback function to be executed when no route matches.
+     *
+     * @var callable $notFoundCallback
+     */
     public static $notFoundCallback = 'Libs\Router::defaultNotFound';
 
     /**
-     * Función callback por defectio para cuando
+     * Default callback function for when
-     * no se encuentra configurada la ruta.
+     * the route is not found.
      *
      * @return void
      */
     public static function defaultNotFound(): void
     {
         header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
-        echo '<h2 style="text-align: center;margin: 25px 0px;">Error 404 - Página no encontrada</h2>';
+        echo '<h2 style="text-align: center;margin: 25px 0px;">Error 404 - Page Not Found</h2>';
     }
 
     /**
@@ -44,18 +60,19 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Parsea para deectar las pseudovariables (ej: {variable})
+     * Parses to detect pseudovariables (e.g., {variable})
      *
      * @param string $path
-     *                     Ruta con pseudovariables.
+     *                     Route with pseudovariables.
      *
      * @param callable $callback
-     *                           Callback que será llamado cuando la ruta configurada en $path coincida.
+     *                           Callback that will be called when the route configured in $path matches.
      *
      * @return array
-     *               Arreglo con 2 índices:
+     *               Array with 3 indices:
-     *               path        - Contiene la ruta con las pseudovariables reeplazadas por expresiones regulares.
+     *               path        - Contains the route with pseudovariables replaced by regular expressions.
-     *               callback    - Contiene el callback en formato Namespace\Clase::Método.
+     *               callback    - Contains the callback in Namespace\Class::Method format.
+     *               paramNames  - An array of parameter names found in the path.
      */
     private static function parse(string $path, callable $callback): array
     {
@@ -78,10 +95,10 @@ class Router
 
 
     /**
-     * Devuelve el ruta base o raiz del proyecto sobre la que trabajará el router.
+     * Returns the base or root path of the project on which the router will work.
      *
-     * Ej: Si la url del sistema está en "https://ejemplo.com/duckbrain"
+     * Ex: If the system URL is "https://example.com/duckbrain"
-     *     entonces la ruta base sería "/duckbrain"
+     *     then the base path would be "/duckbrain"
      *
      * @return string
      */
@@ -94,14 +111,14 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Redirije a una ruta relativa interna.
+     * Redirects to an internal relative path.
      *
      * @param string $path
-     *                     La ruta relativa a la ruta base.
+     *                     The path relative to the base path.
      *
-     * Ej: Si nuesto sistema está en "https://ejemplo.com/duckbrain"
+     * Ex: If our system is at "https://example.com/duckbrain"
-     *     llamamos a Router::redirect('/docs'), entonces seremos
+     *     and we call Router::redirect('/docs'), we will be
-     *     redirigidos a "https://ejemplo.com/duckbrain/docs".
+     *     redirected to "https://example.com/duckbrain/docs".
      * @return void
      */
     public static function redirect(string $path): void
@@ -111,14 +128,14 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Añade un middleware a la última ruta usada.
+     * Adds a middleware to the last used route.
-     * Solo se puede usar un middleware a la vez.
+     * Only one middleware can be added at a time.
      *
      * @param callable $callback
-     * @param int      $prioriry
+     * @param int      $priority Optional priority for the middleware execution order.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Devuelve la instancia actual.
+     *                Returns the current instance.
      */
     public static function middleware(callable $callback, ?int $priority = null): static
     {
@@ -147,7 +164,7 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Reconfigura el callback final de la última ruta.
+     * Reconfigures the final callback of the last route.
      *
      * @param callable $callback
      *
@@ -168,20 +185,20 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Configura calquier método para todas las rutas.
+     * Configures any method for all routes.
      *
-     * En caso de no recibir un callback, busca la ruta actual
+     * If no callback is received, it searches for the current route
-     * solo configura la ruta como la última configurada
+     * and only sets the route as the last configured one
-     * siempre y cuando la misma haya sido configurada previamente.
+     * provided it has been configured previously.
      *
      * @param string        $method
-     *                                Método http.
+     *                                HTTP method.
      * @param string        $path
-     *                                Ruta con pseudovariables.
+     *                                Route with pseudovariables.
      * @param callable|null $callback
      *
-     * @return
+     * @return static
-     *    Devuelve la instancia actual.
+     *    Returns the current instance.
      */
     public static function configure(string $method, string $path, ?callable $callback = null): static
     {
@@ -209,15 +226,15 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define los routers para el método GET.
+     * Defines routers for the GET method.
      *
      * @param string        $path
-     *                                Ruta con pseudovariables.
+     *                                Route with pseudovariables.
      * @param callable|null $callback
-     *                                Callback que será llamado cuando la ruta configurada en $path coincida.
+     *                                Callback that will be called when the route configured in $path matches.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Devuelve la instancia actual.
+     *                Returns the current instance.
      */
     public static function get(string $path, ?callable $callback = null): static
     {
@@ -225,15 +242,15 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define los routers para el método POST.
+     * Defines routers for the POST method.
      *
      * @param string        $path
-     *                                Ruta con pseudovariables.
+     *                                Route with pseudovariables.
      * @param callable|null $callback
-     *                                Callback que será llamado cuando la ruta configurada en $path coincida.
+     *                                Callback that will be called when the route configured in $path matches.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Devuelve la instancia actual.
+     *                Returns the current instance.
      */
     public static function post(string $path, ?callable $callback = null): static
     {
@@ -241,15 +258,15 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define los routers para el método PUT.
+     * Defines routers for the PUT method.
      *
      * @param string        $path
-     *                                Ruta con pseudovariables.
+     *                                Route with pseudovariables.
      * @param callable|null $callback
-     *                                Callback que será llamado cuando la ruta configurada en $path coincida.
+     *                                Callback that will be called when the route configured in $path matches.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Devuelve la instancia actual
+     *                Returns the current instance
      */
 
     public static function put(string $path, ?callable $callback = null): static
@@ -258,15 +275,15 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define los routers para el método PATCH.
+     * Defines routers for the PATCH method.
      *
      * @param string        $path
-     *                                Ruta con pseudovariables.
+     *                                Route with pseudovariables.
      * @param callable|null $callback
-     *                                Callback que será llamado cuando la ruta configurada en $path coincida.
+     *                                Callback that will be called when the route configured in $path matches.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Devuelve la instancia actual
+     *                Returns the current instance
      */
     public static function patch(string $path, ?callable $callback = null): static
     {
@@ -274,15 +291,15 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Define los routers para el método DELETE.
+     * Defines routers for the DELETE method.
      *
      * @param string        $path
-     *                                Ruta con pseudovariables
+     *                                Route with pseudovariables
      * @param callable|null $callback
-     *                                Callback que será llamado cuando la ruta configurada en $path coincida.
+     *                                Callback that will be called when the route configured in $path matches.
      *
      * @return static
-     *                Devuelve la instancia actual
+     *                Returns the current instance
      */
     public static function delete(string $path, ?callable $callback = null): static
     {
@@ -290,7 +307,7 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Devuelve la ruta actual tomando como raíz la ruta de instalación de DuckBrain.
+     * Returns the current path, taking the DuckBrain installation path as the root.
      *
      * @return string
      */
@@ -305,16 +322,16 @@ class Router
     }
 
     /**
-     * Aplica la configuración de rutas.
+     * Applies the route configuration.
      *
-     * @param string|null $path (opcional) Ruta a usar. Si no se define, detecta la ruta actual.
+     * @param string|null $path (optional) Path to use. If not defined, it detects the current path.
      *
      * @return void
      */
     public static function apply(?string $path = null): void
     {
         $path    = $path ?? static::currentPath();
-        $routers = match ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) { // Según el método selecciona un arreglo de routers
+        $routers = match ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) { // Selects an array of routers based on the method
             'POST'   => static::$post,
             'PUT'    => static::$put,
             'PATCH'  => static::$patch,
@@ -322,24 +339,25 @@ class Router
             default  => static::$get
         };
 
-        foreach ($routers as $router) { // revisa todos los routers para ver si coinciden con la ruta actual
+        foreach ($routers as $router) { // Checks all routers to see if they match the current path
             if (preg_match_all('/^' . $router['path'] . '\/?$/si', $path, $matches, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER)) {
                 unset($matches[0]);
 
-                // Comprobando y guardando los parámetros variables de la ruta
+                // Checking and storing the variable parameters of the route
                 if (isset($matches[1])) {
+                    static::$params = new Neuron();
                     foreach ($matches as $index => $match) {
                         $paramName = $router['paramNames'][$index - 1];
-                        static::$currentParams[$paramName] = urldecode($match[0]);
+                        static::$params->{$paramName} = urldecode($match[0]);
                     }
                 }
 
-                // Procesa la cola de callbacks
+                // Processes the callback queue
                 foreach (array_reverse($router['callback']) as $callback) {
                     $data = Synapsis::resolve($callback);
                 }
 
-                // Por defecto imprime como JSON si se retorna algo
+                // By default, prints as JSON if something is returned
                 if (isset($data)) {
                     header('Content-Type: application/json');
                     print(json_encode($data));
@@ -349,7 +367,7 @@ class Router
             }
         }
 
-        // Si no hay router que coincida llamamos a $notFoundCallBack
+        // If no router matches, call $notFoundCallBack
         Synapsis::resolve(static::$notFoundCallback);
     }
 }

src/Libs/Synapsis.php

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ use ReflectionParameter;
 /**
  * Synapsis - DuckBrain
  *
- * Clase encargada de la resolución e inyección de dependencias
+ * Class responsible for dependency resolution and injection.
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 class Synapsis
 {
@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@ class Synapsis
     private static array $instances = [];
 
     /**
-     * Asocia una interface a una clase para instanciarla en su lugar.
+     * Binds an interface to a class to instantiate it instead.
      *
      * @param class-string $interfaceName
      * @param class-string $className
      *
      * @return void
+     * @throws Exception If the interface or class does not exist.
      */
     public static function bind(string $interfaceName, string $className): void
     {
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class Synapsis
     }
 
     /**
-     * Asocia en lote múltiples interfaces con múltiples clases.
+     * Binds multiple interfaces to multiple classes in bulk.
      *
      * @param array<class-string, class-string> $bindings
      *
@@ -62,22 +63,23 @@ class Synapsis
     }
 
     /**
-     * Resuelve e inyecta las dependencias de un callable y devuelve su resultado.
+     * Resolves and injects dependencies for a callable and returns its result.
      *
      * @param callable $action
      *
      * @return mixed
+     * @throws Exception If an unhandled callable type is provided.
      */
     public static function resolve(callable $action): mixed
     {
-        if ($action instanceof Closure) { // si es función anónima
+        if ($action instanceof Closure) { // If it's an anonymous function
             $reflectionCallback = new ReflectionFunction($action);
-        } else { // Areglo o string con el método
+        } else { // Array or string with the method
             if (is_string($action)) {
                 $action = preg_split('/::/', $action);
             }
 
-            // Revisamos su es un método o solo una función
+            // Check if it's a method or just a function
             if (count($action) == 2) {
                 $reflectionCallback = new ReflectionMethod($action[0], $action[1]);
             } else {
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ class Synapsis
             }
         }
 
-        // Obtenemos los parámetros
+        // Get the parameters
         return call_user_func_array(
             $action,
             static::resolveParameterValues($reflectionCallback->getParameters())
@@ -93,11 +95,12 @@ class Synapsis
     }
 
     /**
-     * Resuelve e inyecta las dependencias de una clase y devuelve su resultado.
+     * Resolves and injects dependencies for a class and returns its result.
      *
      * @param class-string $className
      *
      * @return mixed
+     * @throws Exception If a binding is missing for an interface or the class does not exist.
      */
     public static function &resolveInstance(string $className): mixed
     {
@@ -114,11 +117,11 @@ class Synapsis
         }
 
         if (!isset(static::$instances[$className])) {
-            // Si la instancia no ha sido resuelta antes, la devolvemos
+            // If the instance has not been resolved before, resolve it
             $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($className);
             $constructor = $reflectionClass->getConstructor();
             static::$instances[$className] = new $className(
-                ...static::resolveParameterValues($constructor->getParameters())
+                ...static::resolveParameterValues($constructor?->getParameters() ?? [])
             );
         }
 
@@ -126,28 +129,33 @@ class Synapsis
     }
 
     /**
-     * resolveParameterValues
+     * Resolves parameter values by injecting dependencies.
      *
      * @param array<ReflectionParameter> $parameters
      *
-     * @return array
+     * @return array<mixed>
+     * @throws Exception    If a primitive parameter does not have a default value.
      */
     public static function resolveParameterValues(array $parameters): array
     {
         $values = [];
         foreach ($parameters as $parameter) {
-            if ($parameter->isOptional()) { // Siempre usamos el valor por defecto primero
+            if ($parameter->isOptional()) { // Always use the default value first
                 $values[] = $parameter->getDefaultValue();
                 continue;
             }
 
-            // Intentamos darle un valor equivalente a nulo si es una clase primitiva pare evitar
+            $paramType = $parameter->getType();
-            // errores innecesarios, lo
+            if ($paramType === null) {
-            if ($parameter->getType()->isBuiltin()) {
+                // If no type is declared, and it's not optional, we cannot resolve it.
-                throw new Exception('Primitive parameters expect at least a default value.');
+                throw new Exception('Untyped parameters expect at least a default value or must be optional.');
             }
 
-            $values[] = static::resolveInstance($parameter->getType()->getName());
+            if ($paramType->isBuiltin()) {
+                throw new Exception("Primitive parameter '{$parameter->getName()}' expects at least a default value.");
+            }
+
+            $values[] = static::resolveInstance($paramType->getName());
         }
         return $values;
     }

src/Libs/Validator.php

@@ -2,46 +2,53 @@
 
 namespace Libs;
 
+use Exception;
+
 /**
  * Validator - DuckBrain
  *
- * Libería complementaria de la libería Request.
+ * Complementary library to the Request library.
- * Sirve para simplpificar la verificación de valores.
+ * Simplifies value verification.
  *
- * Tiene la posibilida de verificar tanto reglas individuales como en lote.
+ * It has the ability to verify both individual rules and in batches.
  *
  * |----------+--------------------------------------------------------|
- * | Regla    | Descripción                                            |
+ * | Rule     | Description                                            |
  * |----------+--------------------------------------------------------|
- * | not      | Niega la siguiente regla. Ej: not:float                |
+ * | not      | Negates the next rule. Ex: not:float                   |
- * | exists   | Es requerido; debe estar definido y puede estar vacío  |
+ * | exists   | Is required; must be defined and can be empty          |
- * | required | Es requerido; debe estar definido y no vacío           |
+ * | required | Is required; must be defined and not empty             |
- * | number   | Es numérico                                            |
+ * | number   | Is numeric                                             |
- * | int      | Es entero                                              |
+ * | int      | Is an integer                                          |
- * | float    | Es un float                                            |
+ * | float    | Is a float                                             |
- * | bool     | Es booleano                                            |
+ * | bool     | Is a boolean                                           |
- * | email    | Es un correo                                           |
+ * | email    | Is an email                                            |
- * | enum     | Esta en un lista ve valores. Ej: enum:admin,user,guest |
+ * | enum     | Is in a list of values. Ex: enum:admin,user,guest      |
- * | url      | Es una url válida                                      |
+ * | url      | Is a valid URL                                         |
  * |----------+--------------------------------------------------------|
  *
- * Las listas de reglas están separadas por |, Ej: required|email
+ * Rule lists are separated by |, e.g., required|email
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 class Validator
 {
+    /**
+     * Stores the last failed rule.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
     public static string $lastFailed = '';
 
     /**
-     * Validar lista de reglas sobre las propiedades de un objeto.
+     * Validates a list of rules against the properties of an object.
      *
-     * @param array  $rulesList Lista de reglas.
+     * @param array  $rulesList The list of rules.
-     * @param Neuron $haystack  Objeto al que se le verificarán las reglas.
+     * @param Neuron $haystack  The object whose properties will be validated.
      *
-     * @return bool Retorna true solo si todas las reglas se cumplen y false en cuanto una falle.
+     * @return bool Returns true only if all rules are met, and false as soon as one fails.
      */
     public static function validateList(array $rulesList, Neuron $haystack): bool
     {
@@ -60,12 +67,13 @@ class Validator
     }
 
     /**
-     * Revisa si una regla se cumple.
+     * Checks if a rule is met.
      *
-     * @param mixed  $subject Lo que se va a verfificar.
+     * @param mixed  $subject The value to verify.
-     * @param string $rule    La regla a probar.
+     * @param string $rule    The rule to test.
      *
      * @return bool
+     * @throws Exception If the rule is not callable.
      */
     public static function checkRule(mixed $subject, string $rule): bool
     {
@@ -77,14 +85,14 @@ class Validator
             return call_user_func_array($rule, $arguments);
         }
 
-        throw new \Exception('Bad rule: "' . preg_split('/::/', $rule)[1] . '"');
+        throw new Exception('Bad rule: "' . preg_split('/::/', $rule)[1] . '"');
     }
 
     /**
-     * Verifica la regla de manera negativa.
+     * Verifies the rule in a negative way.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject Lo que se va a verfificar.
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to verify.
-     * @param mixed $rule    La regla a probar.
+     * @param mixed $rule    The rule to test.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -94,9 +102,9 @@ class Validator
     }
 
     /**
-     * Comprueba que que esté definido/exista.
+     * Checks if the value is defined/exists.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -106,9 +114,9 @@ class Validator
     }
 
     /**
-     * Comprueba que que esté definido y no esté vacío.
+     * Checks if the value is defined and not empty.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -118,9 +126,9 @@ class Validator
     }
 
     /**
-     * number
+     * Checks if the value is numeric.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -130,70 +138,70 @@ class Validator
     }
 
     /**
-     * int
+     * Checks if the value is an integer.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
     public static function int(mixed $subject): bool
     {
-        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
+        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) !== false;
     }
 
     /**
-     * float
+     * Checks if the value is a float.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
     public static function float(mixed $subject): bool
     {
-        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT);
+        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT) !== false;
     }
 
     /**
-     * bool
+     * Checks if the value is a boolean.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
     public static function bool(mixed $subject): bool
     {
-        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE) !== null;
     }
 
     /**
-     * email
+     * Checks if the value is a valid email address.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
     public static function email(mixed $subject): bool
     {
-        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
+        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) !== false;
     }
 
     /**
-     * url
+     * Checks if the value is a valid URL.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
     public static function url(mixed $subject): bool
     {
-        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL);
+        return filter_var($subject, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL) !== false;
     }
 
     /**
-     * enum
+     * Checks if the value is present in a list of allowed values.
      *
-     * @param mixed $subject
+     * @param mixed $subject The value to check.
-     * @param mixed $values
+     * @param mixed ...$values A variable number of allowed values.
      *
      * @return bool
      */

src/Libs/View.php

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ namespace Libs;
 /**
  * View - DuckBrain
  *
- * Manejador de vistas simplificado.
+ * Simplified view handler.
  *
  * @author KJ
  * @website https://kj2.me
- * @licence MIT
+ * @license MIT
  */
 class View extends Neuron
 {
     /**
-     * Incluye el archivo.
+     * Includes the file.
      *
-     * @param string      $viewName  Ruta relativa y el nommbre sin extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string      $viewName  Relative path and filename without extension.
-     * @param string|null $viewPath  (opcional) Ruta donde se encuentra la vista.
+     * @param string|null $viewPath  (Optional) Path where the view file is located.
-     * @param string      $extension (opcional) Extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string      $extension (Optional) File extension.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Función que "renderiza" las vistas
+     * Function that "renders" views.
      *
-     * @param string       $viewName  Ruta relativa y el nommbre sin extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string       $viewName  Relative path and filename without extension.
-     * @param array|Neuron $params    (opcional) Arreglo que podrá ser usado en la vista
+     * @param array|Neuron $params    (Optional) Array that can be used in the view
-     *                                mediante $view ($param['index'] se usaría así: $view->index)
+     *                                via $view ($param['index'] would be used as: $view->index).
-     * @param string|null  $viewPath  (opcional) Ruta donde se encuentra la vista. En caso de que
+     * @param string|null  $viewPath  (Optional) Path where the view is located. If the
-     *                                la vista no se encuentre en esa ruta, se usará la ruta por defecto "src/Views/".
+     *                                view is not found in this path, the default path "src/Views/" will be used.
-     * @param string       $extension (opcional) Extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string       $extension (Optional) File extension.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Renderiza las vistas HTML
+     * Renders HTML views.
      *
-     * @param string      $viewName  Ruta relativa y el nommbre sin extensión del archivo ubicado en src/Views
+     * @param string      $viewName  Relative path and filename without extension located in src/Views.
-     * @param string|null $viewPath  (opcional) Ruta donde se encuentra la vista. En caso de que la vista no se
+     * @param string|null $viewPath  (Optional) Path where the view is located. If the view is not
-     *                               encuentre en esa ruta, se usará la ruta por defecto "src/Views/".
+     *                               found in this path, the default path "src/Views/" will be used.
-     * @param string      $extension (opcional) Extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string      $extension (Optional) File extension.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Renderiza código CSS.
+     * Renders CSS code.
      *
-     * @param string      $viewName  Ruta relativa y el nommbre sin extensión del archivo ubicado en src/Views
+     * @param string      $viewName  Relative path and filename without extension located in src/Views.
-     * @param string|null $viewPath  (opcional) Ruta donde se encuentra la vista. En caso de que la vista no se
+     * @param string|null $viewPath  (Optional) Path where the view is located. If the view is not
-     *                               encuentre en esa ruta, se usará la ruta por defecto "src/Views/".
+     *                               found in this path, the default path "src/Views/" will be used.
-     * @param string      $extension (opcional) Extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string      $extension (Optional) File extension.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Renderiza código Javascript.
+     * Renders Javascript code.
      *
-     * @param string      $viewName  Ruta relativa y el nommbre sin extensión del archivo ubicado en src/Views
+     * @param string      $viewName  Relative path and filename without extension located in src/Views.
-     * @param string|null $viewPath  (opcional) Ruta donde se encuentra la vista. En caso de que la vista no se
+     * @param string|null $viewPath  (Optional) Path where the view is located. If the view is not
-     *                               encuentre en esa ruta, se usará la ruta por defecto "src/Views/".
+     *                               found in this path, the default path "src/Views/" will be used.
-     * @param string      $extension (opcional) Extensión del archivo.
+     * @param string      $extension (Optional) File extension.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Imprime los datos en Json.
+     * Prints data as JSON.
      *
-     * @param object|array $data Objeto o array que se imprimirá a JSON.
+     * @param object|array $data Object or array to be printed as JSON.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Imprime los datos en texto plano
+     * Prints data as plain text.
      *
-     * @param string $txt Contenido de texto.
+     * @param string $txt Text content.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class View extends Neuron
     }
 
     /**
-     * Intenta devolver la url absoluta a partir de una ruta relativa.
+     * Attempts to return the absolute URL from a relative path.
      *
      * @param string $path
      *